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David_Auerbach

Unsupervised Learning

“Unsupervised learning suggests that machine learning may increasingly be able to create its own feature distinctions, which would mitigate the anthropocentric biases of human-specified categories and features, at the cost of making such distinctions more opaque to humans.”
  • Source: David Auerbach, in the article “Bitwise: A Life in Code” published in 2019 in Communications of the ACM, Volume 62, Issue 9 (September). DOI: 10.1145/3347864.
Keywords: Artificial_Intelligence_quotes Unsupervised_quotes Learn_quotes Suggest_quotes Machine_quotes Create_quotes Feature_quotes Distinction_quotes Mitigate_quotes Anthropocentric_quotes Bias_quotes Human_quotes Category_quotes Cost_quotes Opaque_quotes

Friedrich_Ludwig_Bauer

Software Engineering Definition

“(Software engineering is the) establishment and use of sound engineering principles to obtain economically software that is reliable and works on real machines efficiently.”
  • Source: [Bauer; 1972]. A paper entitled Software Engineering. Written by Friedrich Ludwig Bauer. Published 1972 in Information Processing 71: Proceedings of Ifip Congress 1971, volume 1. ISBN: 9780720420630.
Keywords: Software_Engineering_quotes Cost_quotes Reliability_quotes Efficiency_quotes Software_quotes Engineering_quotes Establish_quotes Use_quotes Sound_quotes Principle_quotes Obtain_quotes Economical_quotes Work_quotes Real_quotes Machine_quotes

Tom_DeMarco and Tim_Lister

Error Quota

"For most thinking workers, making an occasional mistake is a natural and healthy part of their work. But there can be an almost Biblical association between error on the job and sin. This is an attitude we need to take specific pains to change. Speaking to a group of software managers, we introduced a strategy for what we think of as iterative design. The idea is that some designs are intrinsically defect-prone; they ought to be rejected, not repaired. Such dead ends should be expected in the design activity. The lost effort of the dead end is a small price to pay for a clean, fresh start. To our surprise, many managers felt this would pose an impossible political problem for their own bosses: 'How can we throw away a product that our company has paid to produce?' They seemed to believe that they’d be better off salvaging the defective version even though it might cost more in the long run. Fostering an atmosphere that doesn’t allow for error simply makes people defensive. They don’t try things that may turn out badly. You encourage this defensiveness when you try to systematize the process, when you impose rigid methodologies so that staff members are not allowed to make any of the key strategic decisions lest they make them incorrectly. The average level of technology may be modestly improved by any steps you take to inhibit error. The team sociology, however, can suffer grievously. The opposite approach would be to encourage people to make some errors. You do this by asking your folks on occasion what dead-end roads they’ve been down, and by making sure they understand that 'none' is not the best answer. When people blow it, they should be congratulated — that’s part of what they’re being paid for."
  • Source: Book: Entitled: Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams. Edition: 3rd. Written by: Tom DeMarco; Tim Lister. Date published: 1987; 1999; 2013. Publisher: Addison-Wesley. Country: USA; GBR; CAN; DEU; FRA; ESP; ZAF; AUS; JPN; SGP; MEX. Language: en. ISBN: ISBN-13: 978-0-321-93411-6 (alk paper); 0-321-93411-3 (alk paper). Chapter: 2 (Make a Cheeseburger, Sell a Cheeseburger).
Keywords: Thinking_quotes Worker_quotes Mistake_quotes Work_quotes Natural_quotes Biblical_quotes Error_quotes Job_quotes Sin_quotes Attitude_quotes Change_quotes Software_quotes Manager_quotes Strategy_quotes Iterative_quotes Design_quotes Defect_quotes Intrinsic_quotes Rejection_quotes Repair_quotes Dead_End_quotes Failure_quotes Fail_Early_quotes Activity_quotes Effort_quotes Cost_quotes Clean_quotes Fresh_quotes Impossibility_quotes Political_quotes Problem_quotes Environment_quotes Atmosphere_quotes Defensive_quotes Try_quotes Systematic_quotes Process_quotes Rigidity_quotes Methodology_quotes Technology_quotes Team_quotes Sociology_quotes Suffering_quotes Encouragement_quotes Congratulate_quotes

David_A_Dixon

Numerical Simulation

“Numerical simulation is now becoming a trusted partner with experiment. Simulations ... can replace experiments [that] cannot be done because of cost or experimental difficulty.”
Keywords: Numerical_quotes Simulation_quotes Trust_quotes Experiment_quotes Cost_quotes Difficulty_quotes Partner_quotes

Peter_Drucker

Big University Relics

“Thirty years from now the big university campuses will be relics. Universities won't survive. It's as large a change as when we first got the printed book. Do you realize that the cost of higher education has risen as fast as the cost of health care? And for the middle-class family, college education for their children is as much of a necessity as is medical care — without it the kids have no future. Such totally uncontrollable expenditures, without any visible improvement in either the content or the quality of education, means that the system is rapidly becoming untenable. Higher education is in deep crisis.”
  • Source: Peter Drucker, “Seeing Things as They Really Are”, Forbes (March 10, 1997)
Keywords:Year_quotes Big_quotes University_quotes Education_quotes Relic_quotes Survival_quotes Large_quotes Change_quotes First_quotes Printing_quotes Book_quotes Cost_quotes High_quotes Rise_quotes Fast_quotes Health_quotes Care_quotes Middle_quotes Class_quotes Family_quotes College_quotes Children_quotes Necessary_quotes Medicine_quotes Future_quotes Total_quotes Control_quotes Expense_quotes Visibility_quotes Improve_quotes Content_quotes Quality_quotes System_quotes Rapid_quotes Become_quotes Untenable_quotes Uncontrollable_quotes Deep_quotes Crisis_quotes Campus_quotes

Dwight_D_Eisenhower

Crises and Balance

“Crises there will continue to be. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic, great or small, there is a recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could become the miraculous solution to all current difficulties. A huge increase in newer elements of our defenses; development of unrealistic programs to cure every ill in agriculture; a dramatic expansion in basic and applied research -- these and many other possibilities, each possibly promising in itself, may be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to travel. But each proposal must be weighed in the light of a broader consideration: the need to maintain balance in and among national programs, balance between the private and the public economy, balance between the cost and hoped for advantages, balance between the clearly necessary and the comfortably desirable, balance between our essential requirements as a nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual, balance between actions of the moment and the national welfare of the future. Good judgment seeks balance and progress. Lack of it eventually finds imbalance and frustration.”
  • Source: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Farewell address (17 January 1961).
Keywords: Crisis_quotes Balance_quotes Action_quotes Miracle_quotes Solution_quotes Difficulty_quotes Defense_quotes Cure_quotes Program_quotes Research_quotes Possibility_quotes Consider_quotes Weighing_quotes Private_quotes Public_quotes Economy_quotes Cost_quotes Advantage_quotes Nation_quotes Necessary_quotes Comfort_quotes Desire_quotes Requirements_quotes Duty_quotes Individual_quotes Future_quotes Judgment_quotes Welfare_quotes Progress_quotes Frustration_quotesContinue_quotes Foreign_quotes Domestic_quotes Great_quotes Small_quotes Recurring_quotes Temptation_quotes Feel_quotes Spectacular_quotes Element_quotes Development_quotes Unrealistic_quotes Ill_quotes Agriculture_quotes Dramatic_quotes Expansion_quotes Basic_quotes Applied_quotes Promise_quotes Road_quotes Travel_quotes Proposal_quotes Need_quotes Essential_quotes Imbalance_quotes

Robert_M_Graham

Wright Brothers Construction

“We tend to go on for years, with tremendous investments to find that the system, which was not well understood to start with, does not work as anticipated. We build systems like the Wright brothers built airplanes — build the whole thing, push it off the cliff, let it crash, and start over again.”
Keywords: Software_Engineering_quotes System_quotes Investment_quotes Cost_quotes Understanding_quotes Requirements_quotes Anticipation_quotes Prediction_quotes Airplane_quotes Cliff_quotes Crash_quotes Repeatability_quotes Tend_quotes Year_quotes Work_quotes Build_quotes WrightBrothers_quotes

Yuval_Noah_Harari

Naive Information

“The naive view is this counter-speech doctrine that we just need more information, and if you have a lot of information the truth will just come up, will float up. In a free market of information, the truth will win. It won't. You need to tilt the balance in favor of truth. Because, as I said before, it's costly, it's rare, and more to the point, the truth is complicated and often painful.”
  • Source: Yuval Noah Harari speaking in a YouTube interview with MSNBC television news anchor Ari Melber discussion his book “Nexus”. Published 2024-09-12 on YouTube entitled “MAGA propaganda decoded: Obama’s fave historian shreds Trump tricks with groundbreaking scholarship”, channel “MSNBC”, at 24:25. Online at <https://youtu.be/toF5PIClNZ4?si=5ogXQFnsVW1yhv2R>, retrieved 2024.
Keywords: Naive_quotes View_quotes Speech_quotes Doctrine_quotes Information_quotes Truth_quotes Float_quotes Up_quotes Free_quotes Market_quotes Win_quotes Tilt_quotes Balance_quotes Favor_quotes Cost_quotes Rare_quotes Complexity_quotes Pain_quotes

Capers_Jones

Quality Software

“High-quality software is not expensive. High-quality software is faster and cheaper to build and maintain than low-quality software, from initial development all the way through total cost of ownership.”
  • Source: The Economics of Software Quality by Capers Jones and Oliver Bonsignour, 2011, chapter 7.
Keywords: Quality_quotes Software_quotes Software_Engineering_quotes Cost_quotes Fast_quotes Project_Management_quotes Expensive_quotes Cheap_quotes Maintain_quotes Development_quotes Total_quotes Ownership_quotes

Michael_Sean_Mahoney

Software Crisis and Software Engineering

“Let me say a bit more about the ‘software crisis’. It emerged in the late 1960s as an increasing number of large projects experienced large cost overruns, missed deadlines and failures to meet specifications. Some had to be canceled altogether. One response was calls for a discipline of ‘software engineering’”
  • Source: Michael S. Mahoney in a paper entitled The Histories of Computing(s). Published 2005 in Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, volume 30, number 2, pages 119–135. DOI: 10.1179/030801805X25927.
Keywords: Software_quotes Crisis_quotes Project_quotes Experience_quotes Cost_quotes Overrun_quotes Deadline_quotes Failure_quotes Specification_quotes Requirements_quotes Cancel_quotes Software_Engineering_quotes Engineering_quotes

Abraham_Pais

Speculation

“Physicists, good physicists, enjoy scientific speculation in private, but tend to frown upon it when done in public. They are conservative revolutionaries, resisting innovation as long as possible at all intellectual cost, but embracing it when the evidence is incontrovertible - or, if they do not, physics tends to pass them by.”
Keywords: Physics_quotes Good_quotes Enjoy_quotes Speculation_quotes Privacy_quotes Frown_quotes Public_quotes Conservative_quotes Revolution_quotes Resistance_quotes Innovation_quotes Intellectualism_quotes Cost_quotes Embrace_quotes Evidence_quotes Incontrovertible_quotes Passing_quotes Science_quotes

Steven_Pinker

Science

“In a large society with writing and institutionalized science, the cost of an exponential number of tests is repaid by the benefit of the resulting laws to a large number of people. That is why taxpayers are willing to fund scientific research. But for the provincial interests of a single individual or even a small band, good science isn’t worth the trouble.”
  • Source: Steven Pinker (1997). How the Mind Works. New York, NY: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-06973-0; eISBN 978-0-393-06973-0. Chapter 5 Section: Ecological Intelligence.
Keywords: Large_quotes Society_quotes Writing_quotes Institution_quotes Science_quotes Cost_quotes Exponential_quotes Number_quotes Testing_quotes Repay_quotes Benefit_quotes Result_quotes Law_quotes People_quotes Taxpayer_quotes Willing_quotes Fund_quotes Research_quotes Provincial_quotes Interest_quotes Single_quotes Individual_quotes Small_quotes Band_quotes Worth_quotes Trouble_quotes

Herbert_Simon

Operational Research Restrictions

“The powerful algorithms associated with OR impose a strong mathematical structure on the decision problem. Their power is bought at the cost of shaping and squeezing the real-world problem to fit their computational requirements.”
Keywords: Power_quotes Algorithm_quotes Association_quotes Operation_quotes Research_quotes Strength_quotes Mathematics_quotes Structure_quotes Decision_quotes Problem_quotes Cost_quotes Buy_quotes Shape_quotes Squeeze_quotes World_quotes Fit_quotes Computation_quotes Requirements_quotes Real_quotes

Markets and Coordination

“Markets aim to coordinate the decisions and behavior of multitudes of economic actors to guarantee that the quantity of brussels sprouts shipped to market bears some reasonable relation to the quantity that consumers will buy and eat, and that the price at which brussels sprouts can be sold bears a reasonable relation to the cost of producing them. Any society that is not a subsistence economy, but has substantial specialization and division of labor, needs mechanisms to perform this coordinative function. Markets are only one, however, among the spectrum of mechanisms of coordination on which any society relies. [central planning, bargaining and negotiation, business, government, education, balloting procedures]”
Keywords: Market_quotes Aim_quotes Coordination_quotes Decision_quotes Behavior_quotes Multitude_quotes Economics_quotes Actor_quotes Guarantee_quotes Quantity_quotes Brussels_Sprount_quotes Market_quotes Reason_quotes Relational_quotes Consumer_quotes Buy_quotes Eat_quotes Price_quotes Sell_quotes Cost_quotes Production_quotes Society_quotes Subsistence_quotes Economy_quotes Substance_quotes Specialization_quotes Division_quotes Labor_quotes Mechanism_quotes Performance_quotes Function_quotes Spectrum_quotes Reliance_quotes Centralization_quotes Plan_quotes Bargin_quotes Negotiation_quotes Business_quotes Government_quotes Education_quotes Ballot_quotes Procedure_quotes

Patrick_Vlaskovits

Faster Horse

“However, even if Ford didn’t verbalize his thoughts on customers’ ostensible inability to communicate their unmet needs for innovative products — history indicates that Henry Ford most certainly did think along those lines... Henry Ford froze the design of the Model T... Ford had no compelling reason to innovate in any other sphere other than cost and price reduction... But everything changed with the onset of the innovations introduced by General Motors in the 1920s, which took the direct opposite of Henry Ford’s tack of “Any color … so long as it is black” and is best summed up by Alfred Sloan’s consumer-research driven “A Car for Every Purse and Purpose”... In 1921, the Ford Motor Company sold about 2/3 of all the cars built in the U.S. By 1926, this share had fallen to approximately 1/3. And in 1927, when Ford belatedly responded (at tremendous financial cost and internal strife) to changes in the market’s tastes and competitive innovation by shutting down production temporarily to re-tool his factories and bring the Model A to the market, that percentage fell to about 15%... Yes, some customers in certain types of businesses are quite capable of verbalizing precisely what sort of innovative product one could build and sell them. And of course, customers in other types of businesses are wholly incapable of verbalizing, with any sort of fidelity whatsoever, what they need and why they need it. An innovator should have understanding of one’s customers and their problems via empirical, observational, anecdotal methods or even intuition. They should also feel free to ignore customers’ inputs. Because by now it should be clear that Ford’s adherence to his vision of the mass-market car and how to materialize that vision was instrumental in both his early success in growing Ford Motor Company as well as his later failure to respond in a timely and effective manner to rapid innovation in the marketplace.”'
Keywords: Ford(topic)_quotes Sloan(topic)_quotes Verbalize_quotes Thinking_quotes Customer_quotes Requirements_quotes Ostensible_quotes Inability_quotes Communication_quotes Unmet_quotes Need_quotes Innovation_quotes Product_quotes History_quotes Freeze_quotes Design_quotes Model_T_quotes Automobile_quotes Compel_quotes Sphere_quotes Cost_quotes Price_quotes Reduction_quotes Change_quotes General_Motors_quotes Consumer_quotes Research_quotes Opposite_quotes Color_quotes Black_quotes Car_quotes Purse_quotes Ford_Motor_quotes Build_quotes United_States_quotes Share_quotes Market_quotes Belated_quotes Respond_quotes Tremendous_quotes Financial_quotes Internal_quotes Strife_quotes Taste_quotes Competition_quotes Shut_quotes Production_quotes Tool_quotes Factory_quotes Model_A_quotes Percentage_quotes Type_quotes Business_quotes Capable_quotes Precise_quotes Sort_quotes Sell_quotes Incapable_quotes Fidelity_quotes What_quotes Why_quotes Understand_quotes Problem_quotes Empirical_quotes Observation_quotes Anecdotal_quotes Method_quotes Intuition_quotes Feel_quotes Free_quotes Ignore_quotes Input_quotes Clear_quotes Adherence_quotes Vision_quotes Mass_quotes Innovator_quotes Materialize_quotes Instrumental_quotes Success_quotes Early_quotes Grow_quotes Later_quotes Failure_quotes Timely_quotes Effective_quotes Manner_quotes Rapid_quotes Marketplace_quotes Horse_quotes Faster_quotes

Gerald_Weinberg

Desire To Eliminate Programmers

“Over the years, executives have backed their desire to eliminate programmers with staggering funds.”
  • Source: Book Entitled: The Psychology of Computer Programming (Silver anniversary edition). Edition: Silver anniversary. Written By: Gerald Weinberg. Published originally: 1971. Republished: 2011.
Keywords: Management_quotes Programmer_quotes Programming_quotes Desire_quotes Elimination_quotes Cost_quotes Year_quotes Executive_quotes Backed_quotes Stagger_quotes

Small Teams More Efficient

“In any case, the basic rule for size and composition of programming teams would seem to be this — for the best programming at the least cost, give the best possible programmers you can find sufficient time so you need the smallest number of them. When you have to work faster, or with less experienced people, costs and uncertainties will rise. In any case, the worst way to do a programming project is to hire a horde of trainees and put them to work under pressure and without supervision — although this is the most common practice today.”
  • Source: Chapter 5. Weinberg, G. M. (2011). The Psychology of Computer Programming (Silver anniversary edition) | 1971. Weinberg & Weinberg.
Keywords: Rule_quotes Size_quotes Programming_quotes Programmer_quotes Team_quotes Cost_quotes Slack_quotes Time_quotes Fast_quotes Experience_quotes People_quotes Hiring_quotes Training_quotes Pressure_quotes Supervision_quotes Management_quotes Practice_quotes Common_quotes Basic_quotes Composition_quotes Quality_quotes Small_quotes Rise_quotes Uncertainty_quotes Worse_quotes Way_quotes Project_quotes Horde_quotes Trainee_quotes Work_quotes

Shoshana_Zuboff

Automation and Labor

“Perhaps the most compelling reality that drives managers to a narrowly conceived emphasis on automation is the web of economic logic in which they must operate. Frequently, new expenditures for technology can be justified only as a capital substitution for labor. It is often assumed that whatever was provided by the human contributor can be transferred to the automatic functioning of the machine system.”
  • Source: Zuboff, S. (1988). In The Age Of The Smart Machine: The Future Of Work And Power. New York, NY: Basic Books, p. 248. ISBN:0465032125.
Keywords: Management_quotes Automation_quotes Labor_quotes Economics_quotes Logic_quotes Technology_quotes Expenditure_quotes Cost_quotes Justification_quotes Capital_quotes Skill_quotes Knowledge_quotes Compelling_quotes Reality_quotes Drive_quotes Narrow_quotes Conceive_quotes Emphasis_quotes Web_quotes Operate_quotes Frequent_quotes Substitution_quotes Human_quotes Contributor_quotes Transfer_quotes Function_quotes Machine_quotes System_quotes

Know-How

“The agenda for scientific management was to increase productivity by streamlining and rationalizing factory operation from cost accounting and supervision to the dullest job on the shop floor. Efficiency was the mania, and to achieve efficiency, it would be necessary to penetrate the labor process and force it to yield up its secrets. In order that effort be rationalized, the worker's skills had to be made explicit. In many cases, workers' perceptions of their own interests prevented them from articulating their know-how, but there was yet another involuntary barrier. These skills did not easily yield themselves to explication; they were embedded in the ways of the body, in the knacks and know-how of the craftworker.”
  • Source: Zuboff, S. (1988). In The Age Of The Smart Machine: The Future Of Work And Power. New York, NY: Basic Books, p. 42. ISBN:0465032125.
Keywords: Knowledge_quotes Requirements_quotes Agenda_quotes Scientific_Management_quotes Productivity_quotes Reason_quotes Efficiency_quotes Drudgery_quotes Mania_quotes Achievement_quotes Labor_quotes Process_quotes Secret_quotes Rational_quotes Worker_quotes Skill_quotes Explicit_quotes Perception_quotes Interest_quotes Articulation_quotes Involuntary_quotes Barrier_quotes Embedded_quotes Body_quotes Subconscious_quotes Mind_quotes Craft_quotes Taylorism_quotes Science_quotes Management_quotes Increase_quotes Streamline_quotes Factory_quotes Operation_quotes Cost_quotes Accounting_quotes Supervision_quotes Dull_quotes Job_quotes Shop_quotes Floor_quotes Penetrate_quotes Force_quotes Yield_quotes Case_quotes Prevent_quotes Know-how_quotes Explication_quotes Knack_quotes Craftworker_quotes

See Also

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